Pediatric Nephrology

Paediatric Nephrology covers

• Comprehensive Pediatric Nephrology
• Clinical Pediatric Nephrology
• Pediatric Renal Failure
• Diagnostic Techniques
• Pediatric Renal Transplantation
• Advances in Kidney Operation
• Pediatric Kidney Dialysis
• Pediatric Kidney Care
• Pediatric Kidney Failure Diet

Conditions & Treatments

Acute kidney failure – the sudden loss of the kidney’s ability to remove waste from the body

Acute nephritic syndrome – a set of kidney disorders that can lead to swelling or inflammation of internal parts of the kidney

Analgesic nephropathy – damage caused to one or both kidneys due to too much of a mixture of medications, commonly seen when there is an overexposure to over-the-counter pain medications

Congenital nephrotic syndrome – a genetically-passed disorder in which a baby develops protein in the urine that causes swelling in the body

Chronic renal failure - the gradual loss of the kidney's ability to remove body waste

Goodpasture syndrome – a rare disease that causes kidney failure and lung disease

Hypertension - high blood pressure

Interstitial nephritis – a disorder in which the areas between the kidney tubes become inflamed, which can affect the kidney’s ability to manage the body’s waste

Kidney removal – surgery performed to remove all or part of a person’s kidney

Kidney stone – a group of tiny crystals that are difficult to pass through the body

Kidney transplant – the placement of a healthy kidney in a patient with kidney failure

Lithotripsy – the use of shock waves to break up stones that have formed in the kidney, bladder or the tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Lupus nephritis – a kidney disorder, caused by the autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis – a kidney disorder that leads to inflammation of the kidney, as well as tiny changes to the kidney’s cells that lead to disruption of the kidney’s normal processes

Membranous nephropathy – a kidney disorder that causes inflammation and structural changes inside the kidney, leading to problems with the kidney’s normal processes

Nephrocalcinosis – a kidney disorder in which an excess amount of calcium is left in the kidneys

Polycystic kidney disease – a genetically-passed kidney disorder in which multiple cysts form on the kidneys, causing them to enlarge

Post-streptococcal GN – a kidney disorder caused by infection with particular strains of the Streptococcus (strep) bacteria

Posterior urethral valve - the presence of valves within the urethra that block the urine flowing out of the bladder

Vesicoureteral reflux - The back-up of urine toward the kidney

Reflux nephropathy – Kidney damage due to vesicoureteral reflux

Renal papillary necrosis – a condition in which all or part of the openings of the kidney’s collecting ducts die

Renal artery or vein thrombosis – a blood clot in the artery or vein in which blood passes from the kidney

Renal tubular acidosis - the build-up of body acid caused when kidneys fail to excrete body acids 

More

Acute renal failure

• Acute kidney injury in children: Clinical features, etiology, evaluation, and diagnosis 
• Fractional excretion of sodium, urea, and other molecules in acute kidney injury 
• Neonatal acute kidney injury: Evaluation, management, and prognosis
• Neonatal acute kidney injury: Pathogenesis, etiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis 
• Pediatric acute kidney injury: Indications, timing, and choice of modality for renal replacement therapy (RRT) 
• Prevention and management of acute kidney injury (acute renal failure) in children 

Chronic kidney disease

• Chronic kidney disease in children: Definition, epidemiology, etiology, and course 
• Clinical presentation and evaluation of chronic kidney disease in children 
• Growth hormone treatment in children with chronic kidney disease and postrenal transplantation 
• Overview of the management of chronic kidney disease in children 
• Pediatric chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) 
• Uremic toxins 

Chronic Renal Failure

• Chronic peritoneal dialysis in children 
• Hemodialysis for children with chronic kidney disease 
• Overview of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for children with chronic kidney disease 
• Pathogenesis, evaluation and diagnosis of growth impairment in children with chronic kidney disease 
• Prevention and management of growth failure in children with chronic kidney disease 

Congenital and genetic disorders

• Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in children 
• Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (medullary cystic kidney disease) 
• Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in children 
• Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis) 
• Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of nephronophthisis 
• Congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome 
• Cystinosis 
• Evaluation of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) 
• Genetics and pathogenesis of nephronophthisis 
• Genetics, pathogenesis, and pathology of Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis) 
• Nail-patella syndrome 
• Overview of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) 
• Primary hyperoxaluria 
• Renal agenesis: Prenatal diagnosis 
• Renal cystic diseases in children 
• Renal ectopic and fusion anomalies 
• Renal hypodysplasia 
• Renal involvement in the mitochondrial cytopathies
• Williams-Beuren syndrome: Renal manifestations

Fluid and electrolyte disorders

• Approach to the child with metabolic acidosis 
• Causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of hyperkalemia in children 
• Clinical assessment and diagnosis of hypovolemia (dehydration) in children
• Clinical features and diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents 
• Clinical manifestations and causes of central diabetes insipidus 
• Clinical manifestations and causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 
• Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in adults: Epidemiology and pathogenesis 
• Etiology and clinical manifestations of renal tubular acidosis in infants and children 
• General principles of disorders of water balance (hyponatremia and hypernatremia) and sodium balance (hypovolemia and edema) 
• Hypernatremia in children 
• Hypokalemia in children 
• Hyponatremia in children 
• Maintenance fluid therapy in children 
• Management of hyperkalemia in children 
• Oral rehydration therapy
• Pathophysiology and etiology of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) 
• Simple and mixed acid-base disorders 
• The delta anion gap/delta HCO3 ratio in patients with a high anion gap metabolic acidosis 
• Treatment and complications of diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents 
• Treatment of central diabetes insipidus 
• Treatment of hypovolemia (dehydration) in children
• Treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 
• Urine anion and osmolal gaps in metabolic acidosis 
• Urine output in diabetes insipidus 

Glomerular disease

• Complications of nephrotic syndrome in children 
• Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome in children 
• Evaluation and management of edema in children 
• Evaluation of a child with glomerular disease 
• Evaluation of microscopic hematuria in children 
• Evaluation of proteinuria in children 
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: Epidemiology, classification, clinical features, and diagnosis 
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: Genetic causes
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: Pathogenesis
• Overview of the pathogenesis and causes of glomerulonephritis in children 
• Pathophysiology and etiology of edema in children 
• Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 
• Steroid-resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children 
• Symptomatic management of nephrotic syndrome in children 
• Treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children 

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

• Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children 
• Complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome 
• Overview of hemolytic uremic syndrome in children 
• Treatment and prognosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children 

Hypertension

• Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children 
• Approach to hypertensive emergencies and urgencies in children 
• Definition and diagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents 
• Epidemiology, risk factors, and etiology of hypertension in children and adolescents 
• Etiology, clinical features, and diagnosis of neonatal hypertension 
• Evaluation and diagnosis of hypertension in infants between one month and one year of age 
• Evaluation of hypertension in children and adolescents 
• Genetic factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension 
• Management of hypertension in infants 
• Nonemergent treatment of hypertension in children and adolescents 
• The metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance syndrome or syndrome X) 

Nephrolithiasis

• Acute management of nephrolithiasis in children
• Clinical features and diagnosis of nephrolithiasis in children 
• Epidemiology of and risk factors for nephrolithiasis in children 
• Nephrocalcinosis in neonates
• Prevention of recurrent nephrolithiasis in children 

Other

• Evaluation and management of edema in children 
• Pathophysiology and etiology of edema in children 

Transplantation

• Complications of renal transplantation in children 
• General principles of renal transplantation in children 
• Immunosuppression in renal transplantation in children
• Outcomes of renal transplantation in children 

Urinary abnormalities

• Evaluation of gross hematuria in children 
• Evaluation of microscopic hematuria in children 
• Evaluation of proteinuria in children 

Urinary tract infections

• Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and course of primary vesicoureteral reflux 
• Management of vesicoureteral reflux 
• Urinary tract infections in children: Epidemiology and risk factors 
• Urinary tract infections in infants older than one month and young children: Acute management, imaging, and prognosis 
• Urinary tract infections in neonates 

Urologic disorders

• Clinical manifestations and initial management of infants with bladder exstrophy 
• Etiology and clinical features of bladder dysfunction in children 
• Evaluation and diagnosis of bladder dysfunction in children 
• Management of bladder dysfunction in children 
• Overview of fetal hydronephrosis 
• Postnatal management of fetal hydronephrosis 

1. 16th International Conference on Nephrology & Therapeutics
2. Annual Dialysis Conference
3. World Nephrology Congress (WCN)
4. Kidney Week
5. International Conference on Nephrology
6. ISN World Congress of Nephrology
7. 20th International Conference on Dialysis
8. 37th Annual Advanced Nephrology: Nephrology for the Consultant
9. Glomerular Disease, Updates 2018 - 7th Annual
10. The 7th Annual Glomerular Conference
11. Cutting Edge of Transplantation - Transplant Summit 2018
12. 16th Annual Mayo Clinic Update in Nephrology and Transplantation 2018
13. 23rd International Conference on Advances in Critical Care Nephrology (AKI & CRRT 2018)
14. Nephrology 2018
15. Update in Nephrology and Hypertension 2018
16. American Transplant Congress (ATC)
17. 17th Congress of the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD 2018)
18. 2017 Onco-Nephrology Symposium
19. American Urological Association (AUA) 2018 Annual Meeting
20. 18th Annual Meeting of the Society of Urologic Oncology
21. EDGE Endourology and Enucleation Symposium 2018
22. National Kidney Foundation Spring Clinical Meeting (SCM 2018)
23. National Family Medicine Board Review 2018
24. 16th Annual Update in Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation 2018
25. Controversies in Dialysis Access (CiDA) 2018
26. Kidney Cancer Association (KCA) Patient and Survivor Conference 2017
27. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) University Pediatric Centered Care Conference 2017
28. Advanced Practices in Acute Kidney Injury (APAKI) 2018
29. American Society of Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology (ASDIN) 14th Annual Scientific Meeting
30. Volhard-Fahr Nephropathy Course 2018
31.  International Society of Nephrology (ISN) Frontiers Symposium 2018
32. Renal Physicians Association (RPA) Annual Meeting 2018
33. Harvard Medical School (HMS) Nephrology 2018
34. American Nephrology Nurses Association (ANNA) 49th National Symposium
35. Update on Chronic Kidney Disease 2018
36. Nephrology Update 2018
37. 12th International Podocyte (IPC) Conference
38. Updates in Kidney Transplant and Donation 2018
39. 41st Annual Postgraduate Medicine Course: The Columbia Renal Biopsy Course
40. Nephrology Nursing Practice, Management, & Leadership Conference
41. National Renal Administrators Association (NRAA) Annual Fall Conference 2018
42. Canadian Society of Nephrology (CSN) Conference in America 2018
43. Florida Society of Nephrology (FSN) Annual Meeting 2019
44. American Nephrology Nurses Association (ANNA) 50th National Symposium
45. Polycystic Kidney Disease
46. Treating to Target in Patients with Gout and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Patient Simulation
47. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Case Vignettes
48. Fabry Disease: When to Treat
49. Kidney and Kidney-Pancreas Transplantation: Evaluation and Management
50. Virtual Symposium: Evolving Therapeutic Paradigms for the Management of Hyperkalemia
51. Pediatric Hypertension - UC Davis Pediatric Nephrology series
52. 2017 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Onco-Nephrology Symposium
53. Inaugural Jefferson Urology Symposium: Innovations in the Endoscopic Use of the Holmium Laser
54. National Association of Nephrology Technicians/Technologists (NANT)